The Correlation Of Children With Divorced Parents

Abstract This paper discusses the correlation of children with divorced parents and their ability or inability to have intimate relationships in their futures. In most cases, it depends on the age of the child at the time of the divorce. Studies showed that marital problems, including but not limited to divorce, was associated with negative social, emotional, and physical affects in the children’s lives. Most articles included have different types of specific details, but all generally have the same outcome, being that children with divorced parents love differently than those that have parents happily married. Similar studies surveyed college students and discovered that children with fathers, who divorced and remarried, did not have a close relationship, which made these children more likely to avoid relationships. This literature review discusses the impact that divorce has on children who have or do not have relationships because of what happened to their parents’ relationsh ips. Children With Divorced Parents and Intimate Relationships With the large and growing number of divorce rates, research is now discussing the effects it has on the children of divorced parents. Now divorce does not just impact the individuals going through it, but their children as well. Not only do children have to live with one or the other parent, have shared custody, or various other living arrangements that may change, but their entire life that they knew changes. Research isShow MoreRelatedThe Correlation Of Children With Divorced Parents2410 Words   |  10 Pages Children With Divorced Parents and Intimate Relationships Nicoletta Savell Ball State University Abstract This paper discusses the correlation of children with divorced parents and their ability or inability to have intimate relationships in their futures. In most cases, it depends on the age of the child at the time of the divorce. Studies showed that marital problems, including but not limited to divorce, was associated with negative social, emotional, and physicalRead MoreDivorce And The Divorce Rate Essay1537 Words   |  7 Pagesthis rising divorce rate, more children are living between parents, or in single family homes, and many of these children have been exposed to altercations between parents, as well as rough custody battles and divorce settlements. Traumatic experiences like these are highly likely to stick with children of divorce throughout their life, especially if the child is older at the time of the divorce. Compared to children of divorced families, children of non-divorced families are not exposed to custodyRead MoreCognitive Effects Of Parental Divorce On Children And Young Adults1722 Words   |  7 PagesParental Divorce on Children and Young Adults Catherine B Ricketts Southern Union State Community College â€Æ' Abstract Many countries have conducted research studies concerning how separation and divorce affects children and young adults in cognitive development. It is mutually agreed that over all, children and young adults are recommended to have both parents present while raising the younger generation. This reinforces certain rules and regulations to stay with the child. If children are not raisedRead MoreEffects Of Divorce On The United States1272 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of Divorce on Children Divorce is comparable to an epidemic since it has been filtering through many societies at an increasingly alarming rate. According to the most current statistic, there are more than 2.1 million marriages in the United States (â€Å"Children of Divorced Parents†). Out of those, almost half end in divorce. Divorce nowadays is extremely common. In fact, in America there is one divorce every thirty-six seconds (National Marriage and Divorce Rate Trends†). Each year overRead MoreFamily Structure And Children s Educational Success1280 Words   |  6 Pagescould have great implications for children and their future success. I chose to research whether children raised in traditional families tend to achieve more academically than those raised in nontraditional families. Traditional families can have various meanings, even just within the American culture. It can be very complicated to distinguish which structures are best because there are so many, some of which are singl e parents, step parents, and adopted parents. However, for the purpose of thisRead MoreThe Effects Of Divorce On Children Through My Research Methodology1437 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction I would like to study the effects of divorce on children. I am mostly interested in my research methodology focusing on identifying the issues holistically that might be detrimental to the psychological or physiological health of children. I want compare the different experiences that each family has when dealing with divorce and measuring how each child copes with the separation of their parents. I would conduct a research design that is based not only on the issues that are relatedRead MoreThe Effects Of Divorce On Children And Children1548 Words   |  7 Pages The Effects of Divorce on Children Mikele J. King Medaille College Abstract The current divorce rate suggests that one out of every two marriages will end in divorce. This paper is a critical literature review that explores the hypothesis that divorce has detrimental effects on children. Six different risks have been suggested to cause the differences in an increased need for help between divorced family children and two-parent family children: parental loss, economic loss, more lifeRead MoreHow Divorce Has Changed Changing Society1491 Words   |  6 PagesSociety is constantly changing. We are able to visualize these changes year after year by way of statistics. This allows us to be able to use these values to qualitatively analyze correlation, causation, and effect. One topic that has benefited from the use of statistics to measure its effects is divorce. Divorce is defined as the legal process of dissolving a marriage, thus separating two individuals (Merriam). From generation to generation, divorce has been on a steady increase. The annual rateRead Mor eHow The Age At Marriage Influences A Couple s Likelihood Of Getting A Divorce1573 Words   |  7 Pagesother factors highly relevant to marital success. Families are primary socializers for children and influence an individual’s status in society (Klein and White 1996). The very notion of family symbolizes a social distinction in status of people with and people without families and it influences how other see an individual, as well as how individuals see themselves (Individual versus the role of spouse, parent, etc.) (Baker and Elizabeth 2013:254). This study contributes to research of divorce statisticRead MoreThe Divorce Cycle : The Children Of Divorce986 Words   |  4 Pagesin sociology. I am most interested in the topic: consequences in divorce. Being a child of divorced parents is something I have always thought about and how it will effect me later in life with my relationships. I wonder if I am more likely to have a divorce as well because my parents had one. I have found a couple articles that talk about this topic one titled, Understanding the Divorce Cycle: The Children of Divorce in their own Marriages and the an other titled, Effects of Parental Divorce on Marital

Development of the American Constitution Essay - 1666 Words

The Constitution was originally constructed as a document to unify a young nation, ensure rights, and prevent one man from having too much power. In order for the Constitution to be ratified, it evaded addressing divisive issues between the north and south, as to keep both sections of the union in favor of the Constitution. As the nation as well as its dependency on slavery grew, the ambiguity of the Constitution gave way to tension on three major issues between the abolitionist north and the pro-slavery south-what the protocol should be pertaining to runaway slaves, the slave status of newly formed states, and could states legally and peacefully secede from the Union. Because of the Constitution’s inability to directly address these†¦show more content†¦Clay presented the compromise of 1850, on January 29th, after mulling over the compromise for eight months. The compromise stated that Texas would surrender the disputed land claims and in return would receive ten mil lion dollars from the government to pay the debt owed to Mexico. The territories of New Mexico, Nevada, Arizona, and Utah would be created but with no mention as to their preference towards being a free state or a slave state. Washington D.C. would discontinue slave trade, but still allow the owning of slaves. California would be added as a free state, and to appease the slave states, who would oppose the majority in Congress being free states, the Fugitive Slave Act was added. The Fugitive Slave Act was the most divisive out of all the components of the Compromise of 1850. This act required all citizens to help return runaway slaves. The new law created a force of federal commissioners given the power to follow the â€Å"fugitive† slave into any state and return them to their owners. There was no limit-meaning slaves who had been free many years could be returned. Citizens who refused to help in the pursuit of the fugitives received time in prison as well as fines. The captu red slave could not testify on their own behalf and did not have the right to a jury trial. Even if the slave had been a freed man, there was no means to prove it, leaving them powerless to beingShow MoreRelatedThe Development of the American Constitution Essay510 Words   |  3 PagesThe Articles of Confederation were approved by all the early American states in 1781, but by 1787, it was apparent that the Articles were insufficient for the young nation to operate on. A convention was formed with the priority job being to revise the Articles of Confederation; however, they only concluded that an entire new structure was needed to fulfill the demands of the growing country. The Constitution was then born. The Constitution provided the structure of government and power that was neededRead MoreQuestions On American Political Development1308 Words   |  6 Pages1. *American Political Development (APD) / *Fifth Republic American Political Development- a growing subfield of American politics with important links to other fields of political science. Fifth Republic- the fifth and current republican constitution of France. An example of (APD) is them wanting more for themselves and less for everyone else. An example of fifth republic is just a presidential parliamentary form of government that had to prove themselves of not being weak due to a weak presidentRead MoreThe Marshall Court1518 Words   |  7 PagesThe life of every American citizen, whether they realize it or not, is influenced by one entity--the United States Supreme Court. This part of government ensures that the freedoms of the American people are protected by checking the laws that are passed by Congress and the actions taken by the President. While the judicial branch may have developed later than its counterparts, many of the powers the Supreme Court exercises required years of deliberation to perfect. In the early years of the Supre meRead MoreThe Political Environment of the Philippines1001 Words   |  5 Pagesrule presided in governmental issues, the decline did not escalate till 1898 when American influence began. The Treaty of Paris was enacted and Spain gave the U.S. all right to claim P.I. as a U.S. colony. Constitutional framework of the current government The Treaty of Paris led to the Malolos constitution after 1898. This governments first constitution was modeled from France, Belgium and some South American republics. The Philippine bill of rights was also drafted from the same nationsRead MoreAsfasf754 Words   |  4 Pagesissues. b. Analyze how technological innovation has affected economic development and society. c. Explain how interpretations of the Constitution and debates over rights, liberties, and definitions of citizenship have affected American values, politics, and society. d. Explain how interpretations of the Constitution and debates over rights, liberties, and definitions of citizenship have affected American values, politics, and society. 2. The Transformation of the West GroupRead MoreThe Political Environment of the Philippines Essay975 Words   |  4 Pagesrule presided in governmental issues, the decline did not escalate till 1898 when American influence began. The Treaty of Paris was enacted and Spain gave the U.S. all right to claim P.I. as a U.S. colony. Constitutional framework of the current government The Treaty of Paris led to the Malolos constitution after 1898. This governments first constitution was modeled from France, Belgium and some South American republics. The Philippine bill of rights was also drafted from the same nations.Read MoreConstitution Timeline1067 Words   |  5 PagesConstitution Timeline! There are five particular documents that led to the development and the signing of the United States Constitution. They are the Magna Carta, the Mayflower Compact, the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation and the Federalists Papers. This paper will be discussing these documents and be stating if and how they impacted the United States constitution. Then it will be stating when the Unites States Constitution was finalized and passed and signed. Then thereRead MoreThe Two Main Economic Philosophies That Have Been Prevalent1254 Words   |  6 Pagesmanufacture. Both of these philosophies have impacted the American economy but there has been more of a negative light portrayed upon the Jeffersonian school of thought and more of a positive light shown upon the Hamiltonian school of thought. 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It s the reason the court argued that economic development was a function of the government, argues that in fact economic development is apart of public purposes, the reason they mentioned that the redevelopment promotes economic welfare in the United States, and emphasizes the great respect that the United States Supreme Court owe to stateRead MoreThe Quality Of The American Government1394 Words   |  6 PagesBailey Kelso Professor Garvin POLS 101 9 August 2015 The Quality of the American Government Ever since the government was put in place in America, two fundamental questions have emerged distinctly: how should the government rule its followers? Moreover, what should the government do? America gained independence in 1776 after Richard Henry Lee moved a motion in the Continental Congress requiring Britain to grant the country its independence. The motion was approved on July, 2nd the same year. Thomas

The Vampire Diaries The Awakening Chapter Sixteen Free Essays

Elena hurried toward Robert E. Lee, feeling as if she’d been away from it for years. Last night seemed like something from her distant childhood, barely remembered. We will write a custom essay sample on The Vampire Diaries: The Awakening Chapter Sixteen or any similar topic only for you Order Now But she knew that today there would be its consequences to face. Last night she’d had to face Aunt Judith. Her aunt had been terribly upset when neighbors had told her about the murder, and even more upset that no one seemed to know where Elena was. By the time Elena had arrived home at nearly two in the morning, she had been frantic with worry. Elena hadn’t been able to explain. She could only say that she’d been with Stefan, and that she knew he had been accused, and that she knew was innocent. All the rest, everything else that had happened, she had had to keep to herself. Even if Aunt Judith had believed it, she would never have understood. And this morning Elena had slept in, and now she was late. The streets were deserted except for her, as she hurried on toward the school. Overhead,, the sky was gray and a wind was rising. She desperately wanted to see Stefan. All night, while she’d been sleeping so heavily, she’d had nightmares about him. One dream had been especially real. In it she saw Stefan’s pale face and his angry, accusing eyes. He held up a book to her and said, â€Å"How could you, Elena? How could you?† Then he dropped the book at her feet and walked away. She called after him, pleading, but he went on walking until he disappeared in darkness. When she looked down at the book, she saw it was bound in dark blue velvet. Her diary. A quiver of anger went through her as she thought again of how her diary had been stolen. But what did the dream mean? What was in her diary to make Stefan look like that? She didn’t know. All she knew was that she needed to see him, to hear his voice, to feel his arms around her. Being away from him was like being separated from her own flesh. She ran up the steps of the high school into the nearly empty corridors. She headed toward the foreign-language wing, because she knew that Stefan’s first class was Latin. If she could just see him for a moment, she would be all right. But he wasn’t in class. Through the little window in the door, she saw his empty seat. Matt was there, and the expression on his face made her feel more frightened than ever. He kept glancing at Stefan’s desk with a look of sick apprehension. Elena turned away from the door mechanically. Like an automaton, she climbed the stairs and walked to her trigonometry classroom. As she opened the door, she saw every face turn toward her, and she slipped hastily into the empty desk beside Meredith. Ms. Halpern stopped the lesson for a moment and looked at her, then continued. When the teacher had turned back to the blackboard, Elena looked at Meredith. Meredith reached over to take her hand. â€Å"Are you all right?† she whispered. â€Å"I don’t know,† said Elena stupidly. She felt as if the very air around her was smothering her, as if there were a crushing weight all around her. Meredith’s fingers felt dry and hot. â€Å"Meredith, do you know what’s happened to Stefan?† â€Å"You meanyou don’t know?† Meredith’s dark eyes widened, and Elena felt the weight grow even more crushing. It was like being deep, deep under water without a pressure suit. â€Å"They haven’t†¦ arrested him, have they?† she said, forcing the words out. â€Å"Elena, it’s worse than that. He’s disappeared. The police went to the boarding house early this morning and he wasn’t there. They came to school, too, but he never showed up today. They said they’d found his car abandoned out by Old Creek Road. Elena, they think he’s left, skipped town, because he’s guilty.† â€Å"That’s not true,† said Elena through her teeth. She saw people turn around and look at her, but she was beyond caring. â€Å"He’s innocent!† â€Å"I know you think so, Elena, but why else would he leave?† â€Å"He wouldn’t. He didn’t.† Something was burning inside Elena, a fire of anger that pushed back at the crushing fear. She was breathing raggedly. â€Å"He would never have left of his own free will.† â€Å"You mean someone forced him? But who? Tyler wouldn’t dare-† â€Å"Forced him, or worse,† Elena interrupted. The entire class was staring at them now, and Ms. Halpern was opening her mouth. Elena stood up suddenly, looking at them without seeing. â€Å"God help him if he’s hurt Stefan,† she said. â€Å"Godhelp him.† Then she whirled and made for the door. â€Å"Elena, come back! Elena!† She could hear shouts behind her, Meredith’s and Ms. Halpern’s. She walked on, faster and faster, seeing only what was straight ahead of her, her mind fixed on one thing. They thought she was going after Tyler Smallwood. Good. They could waste their time running in the wrong direction. She knew what she had to do. She left the school, plunging into the cold autumn air. She moved quickly, legs eating up the distance between the school and the Old Creek Road. From there she turned toward Wickery Bridge and the graveyard. An icy wind whipped her hair back and stung her face. Oak leaves were flying around her, swirling in the air. But the conflagration in her heart was searing hot and burned away the cold. She knew now what a towering rage meant. She strode past the purple beeches and the weeping willows into the center of the old graveyard and looked around her with feverish eyes. Above, the clouds were flowing along like a lead-gray river. The limbs of the oaks and beeches lashed together wildly. A gust threw handfuls of leaves into her face. It was as if the graveyard were trying to drive her out, as if it were showing her its power, gathering itself to do something awful to her. Elena ignored all of it. She spun around, her burning gaze searching between the headstones. Then she turned and shouted directly into the fury of the wind. Just one word, but the one she knew would bring him. â€Å"Damon!† [The End] How to cite The Vampire Diaries: The Awakening Chapter Sixteen, Essay examples

Like Water For Chocolate Essay Example For Students

Like Water For Chocolate Essay The film, Like Water for Chocolate, represents a story through incorporating the idea of food as feelings and expressing the woman’s roles during the Mexican Revolution. The film is a romantic-comedy showing many joking ways of hard times and soft issues and the way of life. The most striking and theme seems to be how women seem to be in charge rather then males; during this time period, I thought that men were more likely to be the head of the household and in charge. Throughout the film, the main overall theme is that a woman had an illegitimate daughter with someone while she was married, her husband left her, and she was alone with three girls and the youngest, Tita, was to never marry because she was to take care of her mother until the day she died. As Tita grew her and a boy, Pedro, fell in love, but her mother would not allow her to marry, and instead, he married her sister, Rosura, to be close to her. Pedro and Rosura had their last child and Rosura vowed she would not be able to marry because she too, like Tita, would have to take care of her until the day she died. Tita very much hated this idea, as she hated how her mother controlled her and forbade her to not marry her only love, as seen at the end when Rosura dies, Pedro and Tita are now able to get married at last. This silly tradition of the youngest girl taking care of her mother shows the power of family traditions and most likely, a Latin American tradition. The mother was in cha rge of her daughter, she said she was not to marry and she did not. Then the sister wanted to follow through with the same tradition that had made her sister so miserable. To take light of the film there were many comical parts, that seemed unlikely considering the nature of the film. When Tita cooked, her feelings came through in her food. She felt bad when her sister married, so when she made her cake, everyone became sick. Rosura always had gas from what Tita made to eat and bad breath. Tita received roses from Pedro, she made quail and rose petal soup to show him her love and then everyone who ate it was having almost sexual feelings. It was ridiculous to comprehend because everyone was feeling how she was though her food and no one gets like that in real life. Tita’s sister Gertrudis, ran off with revolutionaries and her mother basically sinned her and made everyone forget of her existence. She burned pictures, papers and her birth certificate to make it official, she also told her two daughters to not have any contact with her. Gertrudis comes back later in the film to show another comical part, she’s now a general for the revolutionaries. She orders one of the soldiers around, like a man, but yet she is a woman. This is putting another woman’s role into a different hand, because I’ve never heard of any women being generals or anywhere high in the ranks. None of her soldiers are female, she is the only one within the group, yet she is the general, if the mother only knew!The mother dies in the film because of her stubborness. She doesn’t like the fact that Tita and Pedro may be doing something they shouldn’t since she is married to Rosura so she has them move away. During this time, the priest tel ls her that it isn’t a wise idea to not have a man around, but mother, Elena, believes that she can take care of herself and her ranch just fine because she has done it for so long already. She ends up dead, because she didn’t take his advice because she feels she is strong enough, but she gets a group of guerrillas who rape and kill on the ranch. If this woman had only listened to a man, and let alone a priest. .uf536fb4b9a0e8c2494d599d6e49883d5 , .uf536fb4b9a0e8c2494d599d6e49883d5 .postImageUrl , .uf536fb4b9a0e8c2494d599d6e49883d5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf536fb4b9a0e8c2494d599d6e49883d5 , .uf536fb4b9a0e8c2494d599d6e49883d5:hover , .uf536fb4b9a0e8c2494d599d6e49883d5:visited , .uf536fb4b9a0e8c2494d599d6e49883d5:active { border:0!important; } .uf536fb4b9a0e8c2494d599d6e49883d5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf536fb4b9a0e8c2494d599d6e49883d5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf536fb4b9a0e8c2494d599d6e49883d5:active , .uf536fb4b9a0e8c2494d599d6e49883d5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf536fb4b9a0e8c2494d599d6e49883d5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf536fb4b9a0e8c2494d599d6e49883d5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf536fb4b9a0e8c2494d599d6e49883d5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf536fb4b9a0e8c2494d599d6e49883d5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf536fb4b9a0e8c2494d599d6e49883d5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf536fb4b9a0e8c2494d599d6e49883d5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf536fb4b9a0e8c2494d599d6e49883d5 .uf536fb4b9a0e8c2494d599d6e49883d5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf536fb4b9a0e8c2494d599d6e49883d5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Univerzitet u Beogradu , Filoloski fakultet EssayIn conclusion, this film was very confusing and I’m not sure if its an accurate account of the actions of women during the Mexican Revolution. I believe that there are many traditions like the one seen about marriage in Mexico, but I think that men had more of a role then what the film portrayed. Bibliography:

Miami School District Negotiation Paper

Table of Contents Introduction Negotiation Essentials of Negotiation Conclusion References Introduction The Miami school district plans to redraw school boundaries. This will have a variety of effects on students since many of them will be forced to transfer to other schools. The parents are opposed to the move towards redrawing the school boundaries due to a number of reasons. Some of the reasons raised by the parents include compromised quality of education, increased travel time, crossing economic and cultural boundaries, property value and social effects on children among others.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Miami School District Negotiation Paper specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper seeks to discuss the negotiation between the parents and the board to resolve the dispute. The paper will include negotiation process, technique and skills that the two parties could employ as well as the views that the parties could have over the effects of the students relocating to new schools. Negotiation Negotiation is a process by which parties to a conflict engage in discussions with an aim of arriving at a position that both the parties will agree to. Christopher (2010) defines negotiation as a technique to decision making and dispute resolution. When issues arise that tend to change a status quo that involves more than one party, one or more of the involved parties may be offended by the changes. Negotiation can then be used to seek an agreeable opinion that all the involved parties can consent to. The negotiation process will call for compromise on some or all the parties to the conflict so that a consensus can be reached (Christopher, 2010). The parents are opposing the move by the school board because of issues that pertains to quality of education, increased travel time, crossing economic and social boundaries, property values and social effects on children. Pecora and Maluccio (2 009) argue though not with respect to school but rather to placement in welfare facilities, that mobility has negative effects on the children. The effects in the facilities are however comparative to the effects in schools as both welfare facilities and schools both deals with developing and impacting the children and students. According to Pecora and Maluccio (2009) the transfer of students from one environment to another has a negative effect on the students’ performance. It is noted that the transfer has the same effect on the performance of the affected schools. The performances of mobile students are however more affected as compared to the performance of immobile students who study in schools that are affected by student mobility. With respect to these negative effects on student’s performance due to transfers, the parents could be justified to oppose the move by the board on grounds of its negative effect to quality of education. The transfer from one school to another also has social effect on the students.Advertising Looking for essay on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The move will break the links, friendships and relationships that the student might have formed with other students and teachers at the original institution. The movement will in this respect cause confusion to the students who might take too long to establish new relationships in the new school. The moment of confusion before the student establishes new relationships is significant as social interactions are very important elements in the development of the child. Isolation caused by the movement can have a negative psychological effect if the child takes too long to establish new relationships. The mobility can also cause behavioral disorders due to isolation in the new school especially if the student does not adjust to the environment (Pecora and Maluccio, 2009). Financial limitations hav e also been identified and cultural boundaries as barriers of school mobility. Financial limitations can limit accessibility to education if students are to be transferred at the discretion of the board of the Miami school. The board can relocate a student to a school that could be far from the student’s home and this will translate to increased transport expenses. It could get worse if the student is from a poor background and hence cannot afford the costs to the new school. Cultural barriers also affect students when they transfer to schools in locations with new cultures. The transfer will subject the student to a new culture which will require the student to make adjustments. If the student is unable to adjust to the new culture then his or her relationship in the new school as well as the student’s performance might be affected. The mobility to a school located further from home will also mean increased time taken by the student to travel to school as the distance to be covered will be more (Junor and Usher, 2008). Essentials of Negotiation Since the school has made the decision to redraw its boundary and the parents are offended by the decision, there will be need to form a mechanism by which these two parties, the school board and the parents, will find a solution to their difference. The two parties will therefore be required to meet and share their views on the positions they are taking in order to reach an agreement on the best step to be taken. For effective negotiation to take place, the two parties will need a skilled and procedural approach during their meeting. According to Auaf (n.d), effective negotiation can be achieved when skills are applied in the process of discussion.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Miami School District Negotiation Paper specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Auaf (n.d.) argue that a negotiation should: produce informed consensus if possible , be efficient and positively develop the relationship that the parties experienced before. It is further argued that negotiation should be approached with a â€Å"soft stand as positional negotiations† (Auaf, n.d., p. 1) where parties are not willing to compromise often leads to unwise decisions or at times no agreement at all. This could worsen the conflict. Both parties should during discussion focus on: the interest of both the current students and those expected to join, available options apart from transferring students upon redrawing school boundaries, the possible agreements that could be arrived at, the legality of redrawing the school boundary among others. The negotiation process should be chaired by a person perceived to be impartial in the crisis. The person could employ the aspects of negotiation which include: â€Å"separating the people from the problem, focusing on the interests rather than the parties, generating a number of possible solutions and insisting that the desired results driven by objectives† (Auaf, 1). Zartman (2008) argues that negotiations uses a formula that is acceptable to all the parties in a conflict and illustrate a consensus upon which a solution is to be implemented. He further adds that the negotiation process should focus on establishing justice. The legality of the cause of the conflict should be established and the solution be driven towards restoring the violated law. The person chairing the discussions in this particular case should therefore be informed on the issues related to education policies and even the rights of children (Zartman, 2008). It is however important to note that as the parents and the school would agree to meet and negotiate on their differences over the redrawing of boundaries, there are some conditions that if taken consideration can lead to the success of the negotiation. Christopher (n.d.) argues that for a negotiation to be more successful, the parties who in this case are the parents and the school board should both be willing to discuss the problem in order to reach a consensus. It is also important that the parties involved be dependent on each other as this is the tool that will facilitate compromise. If the parties are independent, then the dominating side will not be willing to compromise as it derives no benefits from the other party. Other necessary conditions for a more successful negotiation include: willingness by the parties to compromise their positions, unpredictability of the result of the negotiation, existence of pressure on both parties to resolve the conflict and that the possible solution be one that is reasonable and can be easily applied (Christopher, n.d).Advertising Looking for essay on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion The school board made a decision to redraw school boundary. The parents are offended by this move which according to them will affect their children’s welfare at school. The parents’ reasons for objecting the move by the school are reasonable as they reflect the possible negative effects that school mobility can cause to their children. An interactive discussion is however necessary between the school board and the parents as they are the major stakeholders in the education sector. An independent and well informed person would however be needed to reconcile the parties as they are both right in their views. The negotiation process will therefore be expected to find a solution that will be in line with education policies as well as ensuring that students are given favorable learning conditions. References Auaf. (n.d.). Negotiation Skills. AUAF. Web. Christopher, W. (n.d.). Negotiation. AUAF. Web. Junor, S. Usher, A. (2008). Student mobility credit transfer. Education Policy. Retrieved from: https://educationalpolicy.org/ Pecora, J., Whittaker, J. Maluccio, A. (2009). The Child Welfare Challenge: Policy, Practice, and Research. New Jersey, NJ: Aldine Transaction. Zartman, W. (2008). Negotiation and conflict management. New York, NY : Routledge. This essay on Miami School District Negotiation Paper was written and submitted by user Newton Destine to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Rules for Sharing a College Bathroom

Rules for Sharing a College Bathroom Whether youre living in the residence halls or in an off-campus apartment, youll still have to deal with the inevitable: the college bathroom. If youre sharing a bathroom with one or more people, chances are theres going to be some funkiness before too long. So just what can you do to prevent a place no one wants to think about from turning into the issue everyone needs to talk about? Below is a list of topics that should be covered in a discussion with people you share a bathroom with. And while some suggested rules are included, its important to make sure everyones on board and adjust, add, or eliminate rules as necessary. Because with everything else you have going on in college, who wants to be dealing with the bathroom all the time? 4 Issues WhenSharing a College Bathroom Issue 1: Time. Just like all other areas of your college life, time management can be a problem when it comes to the bathroom. Sometimes, theres high demand for the bathroom; other times, no one uses it for hours. Figuring out how to allocate time in the bathroom can be one of the most important issues. After all, if everyone wants to take a shower at 9:00 in the morning, things are going to get ugly. Make sure to discuss what time people want to use the bathroom to shower at night or in the morning, how long each person wants or needs, if its okay to have other people in the bathroom while its being used by someone else, and how other people can know when someone else is officially done. Ideal Time Rules: Create a schedule during the busiest times for when each person can shower, etc.Realistic Time Rules: Have a general understanding - e.g., Marcos usually gets done by 8, Octavio usually gets done by 8:30 - of when people come in and out and plan accordingly. Issue 2: Cleaning. There is nothing grosser than a nasty bathroom. Well, maybe a ... no. Nothing grosser. And while its inevitable that a bathroom is going to get dirty, its not inevitable that it will get gross. Try to think about ​cleaning the bathroom in three different ways. First, the daily yuck: Do people need to rinse the sink out (from toothpaste, say, or from bits of hair from shaving) after they use it? Do people need to clean their hair out of the drain every time they shower? Second, think about the short-term yuck: If you live off campus and dont have cleaning services coming every week, how often does the bathroom need to get cleaned? Who is going to do it? What happens if they dont? Is cleaning it once per week not enough? Third, think about the longer-term yuck: Who washes things like bath mats and hand towels? What about cleaning the shower curtain? How often do all of these things need to be cleaned, and by whom? Ideal Cleaning Rules: Have a schedule of who cleans the bathroom, when, and what specifically needs to be done. Also, have general rules for things like cleaning up hair and rinsing out the sink. Have each person assigned to take a shift doing a quick 15-minute clean-up every other day.Realistic Cleaning Rules: Ask people to leave the bathroom like they found it and generally clean up after themselves. Have an agreement in place that when the bathroom reaches critical nastiness, someone puts on crazy music and everyone cleans it at once so that many hands make light work. Issue 3: Guests.  Most people dont mind guests all that much ... within reason, of course. But its no fun to go wandering into your own bathroom, half asleep, only to find a stranger - particularly one of a different gender - there unexpectedly. Having a conversation and agreement about guests is especially important to do in advance of any trouble. Talk with your roommate(s) about a guest policy of sorts. Clearly, if someone has a guest over, that guest is going to need to use the bathroom at some point, so get some rules in order. If a guest is in the bathroom, how should other people be notified? Is it okay for a guest not just to use the bathroom but to do other things, like use the shower? What if someone has a frequent guest; can they leave their things in the bathroom? What if the person who has the guest isnt in the apartment or room? Is the guest allowed to just stay and hang out (and, consequently, use the bathroom)? Ideal Guest Rules: Always notify roommates in advance when a guest is coming over. Talk about when theyre coming, how long theyll stay, and if/when they need to use the bathroom for things like the shower. Make sure everyones on the same page before the guest arrives.Realistic Guest Rules: Have a way to indicate that a guest is using the bathroom, whether its a casual hook-up guest or someones parent. Dont let guests just hang out (and have access to the bathroom) if their host isnt home. And no being alone with a romantic guest in the bathroom. Thats not just gross - its tacky in a shared environment. Issue 4: Sharing.  Darnit, you ran out of toothpaste again. Will your roommate even notice if you just take a little squirt this morning? What about a little shampoo? And conditioner? And moisturizer? And shaving cream? And maybe sharing a little mascara, too? Sharing here and there can be part of having a healthy relationship with the people you live with, but it can also lead to major problems. Be clear with your roommates about when and if its okay to share. Do you want to be asked in advance first? Are some things okay to share from time to time, only in an emergency, or never? Make sure to be clear, too; you may not even consider the idea that your roommate would share your deodorant one day, but they may not think twice before doing it. Make sure to talk, too, about general use items - like the hand soap, toilet paper, and bathroom cleaners - and how and when those should be replaced (as well as by whom). Ideal Sharing Rules: Its okay to borrow things like toothpaste and shampoo in an emergency. Always ask in advance and never assume its okay unless someone says so. Create a small bathroom budget for replacing things like toilet paper and hand soap so that when things run out, they can quickly and easily be replaced.Realistic Sharing Rules: Its okay to use my toothpaste or shampoo if you really need some, but replace your own as soon as possible. And its only okay if your sharing doesnt leave my own supply empty. Keep replacements of things like toilet paper and hand soap around so that they are always available; when the replacement is used, buy another one when everyone next goes shopping for household items.

Chance of Success for E-Commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Chance of Success for E-Commerce - Essay Example Around the world, photography has become a growing interest among individuals. With the addition of phones with cameras in them, the number of pictures that an average person takes per day can be anywhere between 20 to 50 pictures. These amateur photographers also like to share their photos with others but do not have much of a platform for this. The aim of â€Å"eGallery.com† is to give these individuals a chance to show their photographs and get recognized among others for their brilliance. The target audience varies from is upcoming young artists to other keen amateur photographers who just have the desire to show their talent to the world. In short, people all around the world will be able to use this platform with registered usernames. The site will offer three different types of registrations, amateur accounts, basic professional accounts and elite professional accounts. By offering limited access to the amateur accounts, we expect most users to upgrade to one of the pro fessional accounts to gain access to more user upload space and unlimited uploads. The amateur account and basic professional accounts will also have restrictions on the sizes of the photographs uploaded. To counter these restrictions, the elite professional account will be restriction free with unlimited photograph sizes and storage space. Also, an added online photo editor application will be available only to the elite professional users. This will target individuals who are interested in displaying their work or individuals who appreciate professional photography and are interested in buying photographs that appeal to them. Google, Bing and Facebook ads will be used to deliver the website name to the targeted people. The elements that the website will use to have an effective strategy for the website marketing are 4Ps i.e. price, promotion, place, and products. There will be very strong online competition from websites that have already been present in the market for similar pur poses such as â€Å"deviantart.com†. â€Å"deviantart.com† already focuses on providing its art products to the public by purchasing them online. (Wall Art at deviantART.com). To tackle our competition, the website of eGallery.com will provide an easy platform to use and also provide online photo editing applications. The website will also provide its basic professional and elite professional accounts with free of cost advertising of their photographs. A SWOT analysis has been conducted to get a better perspective of the competition and to analyze the website and its competitor strategies. The SWOT analysis has been provided in this report. To operate our core processes, we would have the bank which would be dealing with all the online transactions of users and buyers. On the other hand, we would get a corporate account with â€Å"box.net† to counter the mass online storage of all the photos involved. â€Å"box.net† has been a leader in the field of provi ding professional online solutions to companies which require storage. (Simple Online Collaboration: Online File Storage). These will be our primary two agents in the middle to help us operate our website once it is up and running. An investment of roughly $7000 will also be involved in the set-up of the website. This will also involve a payment of $500 dollars every time the website needs to be updated to meet new requirements.

Academic Reading-Text Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Academic Reading-Text Analysis - Assignment Example In addition to giving a snapshot of the various ethical concerns embedded in architecture, this report goes further to put into perspective how architects may incorporate ethics in their practice with different stakeholders. Architecture is one of those sensitive professional fields that poses serious negative impacts to the stakeholders involved whenever ethical standards are ignored. Essentially, architectural ethics define the moral responsibility to do the right thing or make the right and best decision on variety of situations as mentioned in the introduction. Architectural work involves the consideration of a rich blend of cultural diversities. This necessitates the need for anyone in this profession to think about the cultural perspectives that may come up at any time in the working environment. This is yet another pointer as to why ethics may be necessary in the architectural profession. Professional ethics will demand that individuals be able to deliver high standards of service in their professional jurisdiction without compromise on grounds of cultural diversities. Architecture, in itself, has an ethical nature. As put clearly, it is one of the processes that are involved in the beautification of man’s natural habitat, to become a better place (Wasserman, Barry, Gregory, and Patrick 13). This provides an avenue for man to find satisfaction, both in the spiritual and emotional context. As such, the architectural professionals are obliged to come to the realization that their profession is not just about following a set of instructions, or doing things for the sake of it. Rather, they need to come to a conscious knowledge that they are actively involved in the process of bringing about fulfilment in human life. They are also a central part of the emotional and spiritual aspects that make life worth living. Ethics, being an integral part of the architectural profession, will, therefore, dictate all the decisions made by anyone in that field.

Sniffing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sniffing - Research Paper Example To Orebaugh, et al (2004), Sniffing fall into the category of wiretapping as it is a form of wiretap installed to computer networks as an alternative of phone networks. The device records the content conversation without the other party consent. Many organizations use this device to fix remote sniffing programs on routers and servers, which in turn, assists in traffic flows. In my opinion, it is illegal for organizations to use sniffer to secret monitor employee activities without their approval. Although it may be done to increase productivity, it is paramount for the other party to approve the activities carried out by the organization. My feeling about sniffer use both by insiders of organizations as well as outsiders is that, it should not occur unless a court order has been issued. It should only be carried when there is parties consent. However, when issued by the court it can be done to access employees input to the organization, and this may be helpful in enhancing productivity and company’s growth. If I would craft a law about packet sniffing, it would ensure that it only done to the parties consent. It would include rules and regulation to follow before using it. A court order would be issued before the devices are attached to the phone or any device. In turn, this would protect employees and clients from harassment and protection against theft. Stevens, G. M., Doyle, C., & Library of Congress. (2009).  Privacy: An overview of federal statutes governing wiretapping and electronic eavesdropping. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research

Geography And History In Primary School

Geography And History In Primary School This essay will show an understanding of the subjects geography and history and the links between them. It will then look at the implications of these links for both the teacher and school curriculum. My own examples from school and others experiences will be used throughout the essay to highlight the links and implications discussed. Turner-Bisset (2005) explains that history is a reconstruction of the past using evidence. She argues that evidence enables individuals to prove things, but if there is no evidence then individuals can hypothesise and use others understanding to form interpretations. Fines and Nichol (1997) define history as a process and teachers need to create activities whereby children can act as historians exploring both primary and secondary sources. Like with all National Curriculum (1999) subjects, history in key stages one and two is broken down into knowledge, skills and understanding. The Department for Education and Employment (DfEE) (1999) highlight that history is an important subject because it allows children to consider how the past affects the present world in which they live. Moreover, it enables children to look at how societies in the past were organised and what they were like. They argue through studying the past children begin to develop an awareness of chronology, diversity a nd how their actions can potentially affect others. When considering the subject of geography Scoffham (2004) highlights that geography involves making sense of the world, looking at how it is inter-related and the ways in which it may change. The DfEE (1999) in the Importance of Geography statement confirm that geography allows children to come across new cultures and places whilst developing problem-solving and investigative skills which will equip them for everyday life. Moreover, Scoffham (2004) points out that geography is a subject which promotes a sense of curiosity, but encourages children to develop a sense of responsibility about the world. The National Curriculum (1999) emphasises that in geography children should be taught to use geographical skills when developing their knowledge and understanding. Within the National Curriculum (1999) it is expected that children at key stages one and two acquire knowledge and understanding into places, patterns and processes, environment change and sustainable development. This is furth er emphasised by Catling and Willy (2009) who argues geography is a living and topical discipline (p.15) with a focus on both people and places. Martin (2002a) argues that despite geography and history being two distinct subjects in the National Curriculum (1999), it is useful to look at the subject statements in the National Curriculum (1999) because there are clear links between the two subjects. One such link she highlights is that history involves children finding evidence and drawing conclusions and similarly geography involves answering questions whilst looking at things from different viewpoints. Moreover, Knight (1993) argues that although geography and history can be viewed separately, they also share common ground because they are both human subjects and share many ways of working (p.102). Hoodless et al (2008) argue that children learn holistically and so cross-curricular learning has a positive impact on childrens learning. Similarly Hayes (2010) argues that cross-curricular teaching can improve childrens learning, however children need to be made aware of the links that exist between subjects. Kerry (2011) argues that cross-curricular teaching is important to provide children with the skills for living in a rapidly changing world. The idea of cross-curricular teaching and learning has been evident in recent reviews. Alexander (2009) in the Cambridge Primary Review suggests that a curriculum based upon eight domains of knowledge, skill and enquiry is advantageous. It is interesting to see that geography and history are grouped together as the Place and Time (p.272) domain. Martin (2002a) emphasises the connections between geography and history and confirms there are links between both subjects in terms of skills, knowledge and understanding, key concepts and values and attitudes which will now be explored further. During school experience I was able to explore the links between history and geography knowledge and understanding. In key stage two we looked at ancient Greece which is an expectation of the history National Curriculum (1999) which states children should undertake a European history study. Initially we looked at the geography of Greece which links to the knowledge and understanding of places 3.a/b/c in the geography National Curriculum (1999). We looked at photographs and maps of the islands, hilly terrain and coastal regions and used this geographical understanding to explain how these geographical features enabled city states to develop. It was vital that we looked at ancient Greece from a geographical perspective because this supported th e childrens historical understanding of the city states in ancient Greece. This is supported by Davies and Redmond (1998) who argue that history permeates other subjects and so it cannot be taught exclusively to children if they are to develop a full understanding of history. Catling (2006) argues that the connections between geography and history are deep and local area studies involve children developing a sense of place within the community whilst considering how the past has had an impact on what the area is like today. Moreover, she explains that when teachers plan local locality studies they should ensure there are elements of both subjects because geography incorporates a historical dimension and there is a geographical element of an areas past (p.14). Martin (2002a) points out that geography and history share similar skills and the skill of enquiry is relevant in both subjects. This is evident in the National Curriculum (1999) whereby both subjects have a section on enquiry; geographical enquiry 1.a/b/c/d/e and historical enquiry 4.a/b whereby children are required to ask and answer questions, use sources and make interpretations. As part of the humanities course I undertook a locality study of the local area and this incorporated the geographical and historical skill of enquiry. When planning the enquiry project I used enquiry questions, some focussing on the geographical aspect such as what is this place like today? but also historical questions including what was this place like inà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦?. I carried out fieldwork which focussed on the present and used a range of sources such as directories to find out what it was like in the past. Similarly, Blyth and Krause (1999) suggest teachers can plan a range of enquiry questions which can be used in cross-curricular geography and history local locality studies. These questions incorporate a geography and history element because they focus on both the then and now. Moreover, Catling (2006) suggests that a local locality study not only links the geographical and historical skills of enquiry but enables links to be drawn between the values and attitudes of the subjects. Catling (2006) explains that a local locality study can enable children to develop the capacity to make informed judgements and the desire to contribute to a just society (p.14). The idea of attitudes and values is also considered by the DfEE (1999) who argue that history can promote education for sustainable development. They argue through studying history children develop an awareness of how past actions and events have affected society today and this links to a childs geographical awareness of sustainable development, because children need to develop values and attitudes to ensure the world is sustainable for future generations. Cooper (2000) points out that history can be integrated with the teaching of geography through carrying out map work which develops both historical understanding and map work skills. Similarly, Boulton (1991) argues that the past can be recreated through the use of maps and children should have the opportunity to explore old maps when learning about places. It is a National Curriculum (1999) expectation for geography that when developing geographical skills, children should have the opportunity to use maps and globes (geographical enquiry and skills 2.c). From my experience of undertaking the enquiry project I was able to look at maps of the area from a given time period and using map skills I was able to identify key features of the time and contrast this with present day maps to identify changes. Turner-Bisset (2005) supports this arguing that comparing a past map with a present day map allows children to examine change and continuity. Moreover, Turner-Bisset (2005) highlights that maps provide a wealth of opportunities for discovering things from the past. One such example she suggests is looking at the areas in which the Anglo-Saxons settled by examining place names on maps and recognising their Anglo-Saxon roots. Knight (1993) and Martin (2002a) argue that when integrating geography and history, there are links between the concepts of the subjects including change and continuity, similarity and difference and cause and effect. The concept of similarity and difference is further emphasised by Scoffham (2004). He points out that when working on local area study there should be opportunities for children to compare the locality with the past. He argues this enables children to develop an understanding of the ways in which it is similar and different and to offer reasons for changes. Apart from the concept of similarity and change being evident in a local area study, Martin (2002a) argues the concept of similarity and difference is further evident in both geography and history. She explains this concept is apparent in geography when comparing two localities (knowledge and understanding of places 2.f) and also in history when comparing historical periods, events and people (knowledge and understan ding of events, people and changes in the past 2.d). A further concept which Martin (2002a) highlights can be found in both subjects is the concept of hierarchy. I have seen teachers addressing the concept of hierarchy through looking at society during the Tudor period. However, Martin (2002a) points out that the concept of hierarchy is also applicable in geography when looking at places and their relationships with one another. Although there are opportunities for geography and history to be integrated there are implications that I must be aware of. Kerry (2011) argues that for cross-curricular work to be successful there needs to be meaningful links between the subjects in order to make the learning relevant for the children. Therefore, he argues that within a lesson there needs to be learning objectives which link to both subjects and opportunities for children to develop transferable skills. Hayes (2010) explains that this ensures that the links between the subjects are not superficial and are considered and planned to enhance learning in both subjects. On school experience when looking at Indian village within geography the teacher thought it would be worthwhile to look at the Indus Valley within history. This was a meaningful link because the children were made aware of the historical context of the country. Knight (2003) argues that integrating subjects can be demanding and teachers need to be secure in their own subject knowledge to be able to do this successfully, however he points out that humanities is an area teachers have less confidence in teaching. Similarly, Cooper (2000) argues that there needs to be opportunities within school for teachers to share their subject expertise with other teachers. However, from my experience no staff meetings have been allocated to either geography and history and when staff meetings focussed on curriculum areas, it was always English and mathematics which took priority. Moreover, Kinght (2003) highlights that a further problem when integrating subjects is there are not always resources available to support the learning, he argues this is the case when finding resources to support local area studies. The lack of resources available is further emphasised by Blyth and Krause (1995) who argue that because local areas are unique, schools have to creat e their own resources for local area studies. They argue this puts great pressure onto teachers, however they do acknowledge that once these resources has been created they can be shared in school. The implications of linking geography and history extend to the school curriculum. Turner-Bisset (2000) argues integration of subjects can be beneficial for schools when trying to deliver the overloaded National Curriculum (1999) and she argues this can be achieved through recognising connections between subjects and drawing upon these links in teaching. On my first school experience the subjects were not taught in a cross-curricular way and each subject had an allocated time slot. Despite efforts to address all subjects, some foundation subjects were not taught due to lack of time. In contrast, my final school placement adopted a cross-curricular approach which meant humanities was covered on a weekly basis ensuring continuity in the childrens learning whilst allowing the children to view the geography and history in a relevant way. Knight (1993) states that Successful integration is a whole-school, not a one-teacher, affair (p.106) whereby there should be organisation and cohesion within the humanities curriculum. OHara and OHara (2005) argue this can be achieved through effective planning which involves a whole school approach to looking at curriculum content that needs to be covered. They highlight that when long term planning is undertaken, usually by the subject co-ordinator, cross-curricular links should be considered and planned for and there needs to be explicit reference to these links in the long term plans. Halocha (1998) argues that geography and history co-ordinators should take an active role exploring how their subject can be integrated with other subjects. He argues this then needs to be made available in long term plans which not only detail cross-curricular links but also the progression in terms of childrens learning. Halocha (1998) argues that it is the responsibility of the geography/history co-ordinator to explore how their subject can be integrated with other subjects and include this in long term plans. From my experience, the use of long term plans ensure there is continuity between key stages whereby all teachers in the school know what they are expected to cover in their subsequent short term plans Furthermore, Scoffham (2004) argues that long term planning is important and other subjects including history, whilst ensuring a balanced curriculum is delivered. because it allows teachers to recognise the links between geography and history in terms of the QCA schemes of work. He argues that careful consideration needs to be given to the specific units which could enhance learning in both geography and history. However, from my experience these links cannot be identified spontaneously, they need careful planning in order for the integration of subjects to work well. This worked well in school when a whole school curriculum map

Modern Aboriginal Issues Essay -- Aboriginals Australia History Essays

Modern Aboriginal Issues The first Europeans to settle Australia treated the Aboriginals in a brutal, unfair manor. They downgraded Aboriginals to a lower status as human beings. They tried to force the Aboriginals to conform to the western way of life for more than 200 years. It is only fairly recently that the Aboriginals have finally been able to gain back some of their indigenous rights and traditions. Yet they are still deficient in many areas. The land that their ancestors held has not all been returned to them, they struggle to meet the requirements of western education systems, and they have a very limited access to health care. In spite of these problems, many aboriginals are working to better themselves and their community. It will just take time for the western and Aboriginal cultures to merge into the one final Australian society Introduction The Aboriginal people have undergone much change and turmoil in the 220 years since the British first started a colony. They have seen their land and their freedom stripped away. The Aboriginal people are slowly regaining ground after two centuries of unfair political and social treatment. How far have Aboriginal people come, and how far do they have to go, before they will truly be equal citizens? To answer this question, one must first look at how they were forced to the bottom of the ladder. Next, some of the recent changes that have occurred in government policy and social acceptance will be looked at. Finally, education and health care as faced by the Aboriginals in their lives daily will be discussed. History The problems facing Aboriginals today are many an... ...lian Nursing Journal. 11(9):37. Fasoli, Lyn, Margot Ford. 2001. "Indigenous early childhood educators' narratives: Relationships, not activities." Australian Journal of Early Childhood. 26(3):18-22. Griffiths, Max. 1995. Aboriginal Affairs, A Short History. Kangaroo Press Pty Ltd, Kenthurst NSW. Howitt, Richard. 1998. â€Å"Recognition, respect and reconciliation: steps towards decolonization?† Australian Aboriginal Studies. 1998(1):28-34. Mail, Koori. 2001. "Course provides local EN opportunities". Australian Nursing Journal 9(5):33. Mary Greely Medical Center. Website. www.mgmc.org/about/stats.htm. Accessed April 20, 2005. Windisch, Lydia E., Vickii B. Jenvey; Marlene Drysdale. 2003. "Indigenous parents' ratings of the importance of play, indigenous games and language, and early childhood education." Australian Journal of Early Childhood. 28(3):50-56. Modern Aboriginal Issues Essay -- Aboriginals Australia History Essays Modern Aboriginal Issues The first Europeans to settle Australia treated the Aboriginals in a brutal, unfair manor. They downgraded Aboriginals to a lower status as human beings. They tried to force the Aboriginals to conform to the western way of life for more than 200 years. It is only fairly recently that the Aboriginals have finally been able to gain back some of their indigenous rights and traditions. Yet they are still deficient in many areas. The land that their ancestors held has not all been returned to them, they struggle to meet the requirements of western education systems, and they have a very limited access to health care. In spite of these problems, many aboriginals are working to better themselves and their community. It will just take time for the western and Aboriginal cultures to merge into the one final Australian society Introduction The Aboriginal people have undergone much change and turmoil in the 220 years since the British first started a colony. They have seen their land and their freedom stripped away. The Aboriginal people are slowly regaining ground after two centuries of unfair political and social treatment. How far have Aboriginal people come, and how far do they have to go, before they will truly be equal citizens? To answer this question, one must first look at how they were forced to the bottom of the ladder. Next, some of the recent changes that have occurred in government policy and social acceptance will be looked at. Finally, education and health care as faced by the Aboriginals in their lives daily will be discussed. History The problems facing Aboriginals today are many an... ...lian Nursing Journal. 11(9):37. Fasoli, Lyn, Margot Ford. 2001. "Indigenous early childhood educators' narratives: Relationships, not activities." Australian Journal of Early Childhood. 26(3):18-22. Griffiths, Max. 1995. Aboriginal Affairs, A Short History. Kangaroo Press Pty Ltd, Kenthurst NSW. Howitt, Richard. 1998. â€Å"Recognition, respect and reconciliation: steps towards decolonization?† Australian Aboriginal Studies. 1998(1):28-34. Mail, Koori. 2001. "Course provides local EN opportunities". Australian Nursing Journal 9(5):33. Mary Greely Medical Center. Website. www.mgmc.org/about/stats.htm. Accessed April 20, 2005. Windisch, Lydia E., Vickii B. Jenvey; Marlene Drysdale. 2003. "Indigenous parents' ratings of the importance of play, indigenous games and language, and early childhood education." Australian Journal of Early Childhood. 28(3):50-56.

Malaysia Airlines Corporate Policy and Strategy Essay

This assignment requires a writer to write a report of any organisation which is involved in transportation and communication industry. The aim and purpose of this report is to examine the strategic management process to one of the industries. The strategic management process will be more emphasise in this report where its importance in the organisation play an important factor in order for the organisation to grow and expand. Malaysia Airlines (MAS) have been chosen as an organisation for this report. Malaysia Airlines is a commercial air travel organisation where they provide transportation service throughout the world, specifically 850 destinations in 150 countries. The organisation company profile will explain more about the history of the organisation itself which are the founder of the organisation, the year it start its services, location, service range, revenue and turnover report. After that, a strategic analysis of the Malaysia Airlines will be explained more which includes general environment, internal environment and competitive environment. In general environment, the weakness of the organisation needs to analyse before the problems and weaknesses itself will take toll towards the organisation. The tool which is going to be used to overcome the weaknesses are pest analysis and swot analysis which consecutively serve its purposes to analyse internal and external factors. In internal environment, a situation that can impact Malaysia Airlines business will be evaluated. It is divided into two categories, value chain analysis and resource based view. Value chain analysis will be used to add value to the organisation itself while resource based view will be use to explain how the resources of the organisation can be use to become an advantage, competitively. After done doing that, strategic formulation is needed for Malaysia Airlines. A proper plan and strategy are needed to achieve the organisation main objectives. Business level strategy and corporate level strategy will be use to explain the competitive advantage and how corporate parent helps its subsidiary company to grow and expand. International strategy is also in included in the strategic formulation in order for Malaysia Airlines to develop its level of competencies and future potential in international arena. Implementation of that international strategy will take to action after evaluation and analysis. In the implementation strategy, a leader with a broad scope of  vision and mission is needed in order for the action plan to become reality. With a great leadership skill, the employees will be inspired to work more efficient to achieve the objective that had been set. All the explanation above are supported with proper references using journals, books, internet, articles and updated data from Malaysia Airlines from its company report. Lastly, a concl usion will be made to conclude all of the information from the report. 1.0 Introduction Malaysian Airline System Berhad is the primary airline of Malaysia. Malaysia Airlines (MAS) operates flights from Kuala Lumpur International Airport mainly and with a secondary hub at Kota Kinabalu and Kuching. From the report, the strategic management of Malaysia Airlines is analysed. The report is produced for Mr Mathew Teale. Most of the resources in this report are based on report and journal. Besides, articles and newspapers are also being used as the secondary resources. Gather from latest data, Malaysia Airlines has revenue worth as much as RM13 billion. In stategy management, there are Strategy Analysis, Strategy Formulation and Strategy Implementation which are the process to overcome that external factor which consist of objective to fulfil(Hambrick, 2007). Under the effect of globalization, the world has changed in every sector and those changes had influenced most of the corporation activities with obstacles to execute their strategy. A company’s finances will be affected if their management fails to formulate and implement the most efficient and suitable strategy. Strategy analysis, strategy formulation and strategy implementation are the fundamentals to solve negative factors regardless what is the problems. Company Profile Malaysia Airlines was founded in 1937 through an idea by the Alfred Holt’s Ocean Steamship Company in liverpool work together with the Imperial Airways in from Britain and Straits Steamship Company in Singapore. This had build the outcome of Malayan Airways Limited(MAL) on the same year. As usual, this airline faced different types of industrial challenges throughout these seven decades. Therefore, the company had improved and repackaged their image and services. Malaysia Airlines started their flight services originated in Subang Airport and later relocate to Kuala Lumpur  International Airport (KLIA). Malaysia Airlines serve different class of customers in society pyramid. Therfore, Malaysia Airlines provide different class of seatings which are first class, business class, and economic class. According to Malaysia Airlines Annual Report on 2012, incredible loss of RM481,457,000 was hit after the loss on 2011 which was two billion. This shows the incapabilities of management in Malaysia Airlines to manage the company. Therefore, the management needs to be rearranged and restructured. Besides, Malaysia Airlines are facing more competitors in the industry such as Airasia. To overcome this challenge, Malaysia Airlines tried to upkeep with their competitors by providing high quality of services in order to win customer’s faith and loyalty so that they could have stable coming back customers. Their strategy was a success and this can be seen when several awards are awarded by Skytrax UK and World Travel Awards. The awards are the Asia’s Leading Airline(2011), Asia’s Leading Business Class Airline (2010) and Five Star Airline (2012). Malaysia Airlines built up their image as the top airline in Malaysia by winning those award. 2.0 Strategic Analysis The process of helping a company to have further understanding regarding their external environment is what we call strategy analysis. Strategy analysis can maximize an organization’s potential, capability and interation between environment. Profit can be achieved if Malaysia Airlines execute the three strategic processes which are analysis, formulation and implementation. By doing the analysis of external evnironment and evaluating the internal environment, we are able to use the chances and discover the industrial potential in the future. 2.1 General Environment In order to help Malaysian Airlines in fitting itself to conquer the weaknesses, several analysis such as PEST, scenerio planning and SWOT are carried out. Besieds, general environment acts as a tool to identify the weakness in Malaysia Airlines which may lead to external environment that changes rapidly (Henry, 2008:41). 2.1.1 Scenario Planning Scenario planning is defined as procedure of visualizing what upcoming situation or events are probable, what their effects would be like,  and how to respond to, or benefit from,them(Business Dictionary, n.d.). Scenario planning not only can help to identify future oppoturnity, but also helps an organization to make critical decision. This can help an organization to utilize opportunity and stay away from the threat. The scenario planning is mention by Henry (2008) as a method to find changes and uncertainty in their industry and promote systematic thinking and even decision making under spontaneus situation. However, Malaysia Airlines did not do proper scenario planning which make them faced great loss as stated in their annual report 2012. As a way to stop this situation continue to grow, Malaysia Airline should really consider and think deeply of their scenario planning. Besides, the ultimate growth of Airline industry shows influence to Malaysia Airline scenario planning. Ther efore, Malaysia Airline should make use of PEST and SWOT analysis to identify deeply their market environment. 2.1.2 PEST analysis PEST analysis most commonly is used to measure a market. By doing the PEST analysis, Malaysia Airlines will link the entire four factors that may affect their business in general and competitive environment. As a Malaysian national flag airlines, it is compulsory and a must for them to follow and obey the political decision and governmental policies. Being an airline company in Malaysia, always need to cope with the taxes which have been a big obstacles especially during economy crisis. According to Malaysia Airlines annual report 2011, Malaysia Airlines had experienced a huge loss as RM400 millions even before taxation is done. This shows how pathetic and badly the situation of the company was. Furthermore, our current Prime Minister Datuk Seri NajibTun Razak announced that the minimum wage of private sectors in Penisular has been set for RM900 and RM800 for those in Sarawak. This increases the burden of Malaysia Airlines which has approximately 18,000 workers. As a way to overcome the new policy and adapted to it, Malaysia Airliens hence introduced a new rewarding plan to their workers. t. In coping with the new policy, Malaysia Airlines has announced on their strategy to offer permanent staff a maximum two years of unpaid leave only and excluding their subdiaries which are Maswings and FIrefly. Airlines biggest expenses will be the crews’ wages and fuel expenses. As global fuel price is increasing, it influenced Malaysia Airlines operating cost for sure which will directly result the loss in their profit. Besides, unstable fuel price that influenced economy will affect their shares price in stock exchange too. (sharif, Ranjbar and Arumugam , 2011). Furthermore, Malaysia Airlines had increased their flight ticket fares as a way to cover up the administration and operating cost. As the increment of ticket fares occurred, local citizens with lower or medium income holders to lessen their frequency to travel on flight. Besides, one of the undeniable factors is inflation which causes the value of money to be lowered extra money from the wages unable to do much extra occasion planning. Prior to the Asian Financial Crisis in 1997, Malaysia Airlines suffered in the massive losses of RM260million. As a way to overcome the crisis, the airlines cut a lot of routes which are unprofitable such as Brussels, Darwin, Honolulu, Madrid, Munich and Vancouver. Besides, approximately a decade later in 2011, frightening loss of RM2.52billion was â€Å"achieved† by Malaysia Airlines and breaks its historical record. This incident had push the management to terminate the flight to Surabaya, Karachi, Dubai, Johannesburg in January of the same year. The action was unable to calm the managements who later ceased the routes to Cape Town, Buenos Aires and Rome in February 2011. For social factor, we know that there are different types of people with different preference in this country, so with different culture and thinking in society, not everyone would like to use flight as their transportation option. This is due to the fear factor that stuck in their heart to feel insecure with the flight transportation. Therefore, safety is always one of the main feature to be concerned and make sure the society feel safe with their services. Safety instructions are being briefed before the flight depart every time and this can prevent chaos to occur if there is any accident occurs. Besides, insurance is also one of the option for customer to purchase in their flight ticket. This can relieve the insecurity of passengers when they choose to use Malaysia Airlines. In terms of technology, Internet has lead our world to globalization and  information explosion era. Malaysia Airlines sees this as an opportunity to promote their company services to the youth conveniently. The customers can purchase the flight tickets easily from their website rather than drive to their branches and queue up which will be even more expensive and time consuming. Hence, Malaysia Airlines is able to deduct and decrease overhead cost and their budget in extra offices and infrastructure. However, not everyone are well-skilled in using the internet and some of the rural areas in our country still lack of such services which seems common in most of the city. Besides, credit or debit card is a necessity in order to purchase from online ticketing system which also will be a obstacle for some of the senior citizens. Lastly, we shall concern about the stability of Malaysia Airlines proxy server which is overloaded sometimes. 2.1.3 SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis is a method where a structured planning can be done by evaluating the 4 factors which are strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (Humprey, 2005). Malaysia Airlines can use SWOT at their own benefits to understand more about the external environment. Malaysia Airlines is a well known brand name which has become strength of this company to exploit. With its 70 years of experiences in the airline industry, this brand name has won the heart of the customers where’s loyalty is important to them. In addition, Malaysia Airlines are highly recognized by the international organisation. Plus, Malaysia Airlines are also has been supported by the Malaysian government for years. With this, they can depend on the government if they are having a financial problem or other difficulties which can benefit them. Malaysian Airlines won a lot of prestigious awards in the past 10 years and their broad network of destinations also has become their strength that led the potential and loyal customers to choose them. Thereby, with this entire strength combine, chances of Malaysia Airline to win and take control of the industry are higher. Malaysia Airlines and other companies are not excluded from the organisational weaknesses. The increasing fuel price had cause Malaysia Airlines huge loss as much as RM1.36 million.Other than that, their operating cost such as landing fees ishigherthatin which are affecting their financial. This entirely affected their profit and thus giving them problem  to be dealt with. Price war with Air Asiaalso has affected their target in controlling the local market.Since Malaysian income per capita is lower than other countries, therefore Malaysia Airlines are now focusing more with the middle and upper class customers. Malaysia Airlines has analyse its opportunities in the market. Aircraft passengers have been growing as much as 13.5% every year. By this, Malaysia Airlines are going to take this opportunity to expand their services in other countries such as China and Japan where the people over there always travel abroad. The increasing numbers of cargo industry also have become a profitable sector for Malaysia Airlines. In 2010, the increasing numbers of air cargo service has risen to 26.5%. As a result of that, Malaysia Airlines can manage to get a lot of profit in this growing industry by exploiting the opportunities and turn it into a profit. In threats, fuel price have been a problem for Malaysian Airlines for years. Inevitably, Malaysia Airlines operating cost may also increase if the fuel prices increase. Not only that, international airlines such as Cathay Pacific Airways, Singapore International Airways and Garuda Indonesia Airways are competing with Malaysia Airlines internationally and Air Asia domestically. The threat of new entrant also be a factor for Malaysia Airlines to deal with if financial institution policy changes. Lower interest rate and credit loan willallownew airliners to enter the industry. The more new airliners enter the industry; the likelihood of Malaysia Airlines to struggle in the business will be higher. In order to cope with that, Malaysia Airlines need to be more prepared. 2.2 Competitive Environment According to Mack (2010), competitive environment is defined or explained as a dynamic system for the business to compete positively in. At such, analysis technique of Porter Five Forces Framework is executed to understand the environment. 2.2.1 Porter’s Five Forces Framework Porter five forces is a framework which analyzes the industry and business strategy development to determine the competitive strength (Porter, 1979). By using this analyzing technique, Malaysia Airlines can identify the threat of new entrants. Since the needs to start an airlines company are hard,  consequently, the threat of new entrants has reduced. Furthermore, brand name is important to the customers these days. Adding to that, to go into this business not also need high capital but also need an establish brand name. Thus, rather than start an establish brand name, the new threat entrants will focus more on the loyal customer. The only new threat entrants Malaysia Airlines need to focus more are the international airlines. There are two companies that are competing against each other in the aircraft manufacturing industry which are Boeing and Airbus. Since Malaysia Airlines are choosing Boeing as their main aircraft, therefore, Boeing has no option to increase their aircraft pr ices. If Boeing increases their aircraft price, most probably Malaysia Airlines will change their aircraft to Airbus. Consequently, Malaysia Airlines can use its bargaining power of consumer to bargain the aircraft price. This undoubtedly will be an advantage to Malaysia Airlines to save their buying cost that led Boeing with no other choice to sell its aircraft to Malaysia Airlines since they’re having a tough time in competing in the aircraft manufacturing industry. The bargaining power of suppliers is depending on the numbers of alternatives the consumer has. For Malaysia Airlines, it is difficult to change to another aircraft manufacturer such as Airbus since their maintenance staff areexperienced with Boeing’s aircraft. By changing the aircraft manufacturer, Malaysia Airlines need to spend a lot of money to train their maintenance staff which and switching cost is high.Therefore, the power of suppliers cannot be a negative factor since Malaysia Airlines only rely on one aircraft manufacturer. Plus, the power of suppliers is insignificant where Malaysia Airlines has their own aircraft maintenance subsidiary company. For fuel, the bargaining power of suppliers is not really high since in Malaysia there is only little petrol organization and the price is set by the government. 2.2.2 Strategic Groups Strategic groups are used to classify or identity the companies that are having the similar business model or mixture of strategies applied. (Porter, 1980). As a well known 5 stars airlines company, Malaysia Airlines always offer various place of destinations throughout the world where Airasia only provide certain well-known and popular destination. However, Airasia as the  low cost carrier, has advantages in competition as they can always attract customers in Asia that always go for cheaper option. 2.3 Internal Environment An internal environmental analysis is an extensive review of all aspects of a company’s operations, internal guidance and mission. (wiseGEEK, n.d.). Value-chain analysis and resource-based view can be used as analysis tools. 2.3.1 Value-chain Analysis Malaysia Airlines primary income is based from logistics services and secondary activities are aircraft maintenance and technology development. By coordinate these value chain analysis activities, Malaysia Airlines can have a lower cost structure and increase the value of outcome product. By increasing the value of outcome product, Malaysia Airlines can compete better in the industry by understanding the connection between each of the value-chain activity. Additionally, a proper coordination with their union, customers and suppliers can reduce cost and adds up the bonding between customers and company itself. As its outcome, improvement of the performance in Malaysia Airlines primary and secondary activities can be achieved and higher profit can be gained in the process. . 2.3.2 Resource-based View Airline industry was slammed pretty hard globally in previous years. Terrorists attack on 11st September 2001 still horrified the hearts of passengers globally. The strong competitive environments by low cost carriers such as Airasia in Malaysia is also causing the national flag carrier to restructure their operations. Their resources such as airplanes and crews quality need to be concerned and look into deeply. As the oldest flight carrier company in Malaysia, they shall use this advantage to continue to stay at the frontline in airline industry by using its available sufficient resources efficiently with the help of government and come up with efficient strategies as a way to compete and stabilize its own potision in airline industry. . 3.0 STRATEGY FORMULATION Formulation of strategies is necessary in order for Malaysia Airlines to  achieve its mission and objectives. An excellent structure and organize strategies will beneficiary to Malaysia Airlines in competing in the airline industry. 3.1 Business Level Strategy Business level strategy is very important where it will be use as a method to develop the strategy at a maximum level. In addition, it is crucial for Malaysia Airlines to implement and adapt to this strategy because it’s a way for them to make use all of their resources and competency in the airlines industry to accomplish its corporate level strategy. 3.1.1 Industry Life Cycle In any industries, introduction, growth, maturity and decline development stages have to go through including industry products. Malaysia Airlines has gone through the introduction phase where they had been through a lot of difficulties and up and down since 1937. But unfortunately, Malaysia Airlines financial report has shown that the company is suffering from internal and external environment where they are facing profit losses. Malaysia Airlines is now in the growth stage where they are trying to impose a new efficient strategy to cover up their losses from 2008 to 2012. Malaysia Airlines profit are at the highest in 2008 as much as RM15,570,141 and decreasing slowly in the past 5 years and the lowest is in the year 2009 that decline as much as RM11,605,111. Factors that cause this financial downturn are the increasing price of the fuel, competitiveness of other airlines, poor marketing strategy and high operating cost. In coping with this matter, Malaysia Airlines is now broadening their flight destination and suspend some flight from a destination that give less profit, improve quality of service in order to create customer demand and thus progressing in the growth stage. 3.1.2 Differentiation Malaysia Airlines impose differentiation strategy by creating various types of seat class such as Economic Class, Business Class and First Class. This is to ensure that all the variety of services that being offer are affordable for the different type of customers. It is also to increase the  advantages in competing by delivering the value added product to differentiate Malaysia Airlines services from other airline competitors. Adding to that, by letting the customers choose what type of services they want, the loyalty of the customer would be increased. This shows that Malaysia Airlines are coping with price sensitivity, switching cost, higher entry barriers and threat of substitutes, in the five forces. As a result, Malaysia Airlines has successfully competed in the airline price wars that let the company to gain back profit in 2011. 3.2 Corporate Level Strategy Corporate strategy signifies actions for Malaysia Airlines to take in gaining its competitive advantage. Specifically, to help Malaysia Airlines in an advantage where they can control the market and maximise profit for a long period of time. Thus, this strategy helps Malaysia Airlines to improve its strategy and at the same time giving them a great position in controlling the market. 3.2.1 Growth Strategies Any company can practice four strategies specifically for the growing process. By now, Malaysia Airlines are targeting to penetrate the international control the local market. Malaysia Airlines are trying to use its existing services and products to increase their sales. Malaysia Airlines achieve it by strengthening the bond with their customer to keep using its airlines and at the same time bringing new customer. For that reason, Malaysia Airlines are now starting to increase their promotion using social and mass media. Other than that, Malaysia Airlines are also improving their website to become more convenient and easy with less procedure for all the customers that wish to book a ticket. In surviving in the mature market, Malaysia Airlines should prepare more for its opportunity to expand its growth. Malaysia Airlines as a pioneer and leading the local airlines industry should increase more their competitiveness in competing in the international market. Taking ASEAN countries as a first step, Malaysia Airlines should understand more each of the country geographically, culture and religions. By developing this understanding, customers will tend to choose Malaysia Airlines that in the end would increase their sales, profit  and penetrate the international market. 3.2.2 Corporate Parenting Malaysia Airlines as parent company of MAS Cargo, MASwings, MAS Aerotechnologies and etc. Malaysia Airlines as the corporate parent can achieve a lot of profit if they integrate all of its subsidiaries company as an individual business unit. Malaysia Airlines can save cost in managing all of its subsidiaries company. Not just that, a proper integration between the subsidiaries company can help Malaysia Airlines to derive its economic scale that will further move them in accomplishing their goals. Concurrently, Malaysia Airlines can help its subsidiaries company and put them into an advantage where they can make use ofMalaysia Airlines expertise and resources. As a result of that, Malaysia Airline’s subsidiaries company will be enhance in controlling their budget, making decision and planning process. Nevertheless, if any economic catastrophes occur, therefore, it will become disadvantage for Malaysia Airlines if its subsidiaries company is in the economic crisis. 3.2.3 Strategic Evaluation In following the variety formulation strategic plan, strategic evaluation is the most important part before implementing all of the strategies that been plan. The strategies will be evaluate and assess to find out its efficiency. In addition, the consistency of the strategies must be in a long term where the use of the strategies itself can benefit Malaysia Airlines in the coming years rather than being a yearly plan. It’s obvious that not all of the strategies will become a success, but at least an initiative to evaluate the plan been done in order to minimize the risk. Thus, Malaysia Airlines need to select a proper and the best strategies that can help them in realizing their goal and objectives. 3.3 International Strategy and Globalization Globalization is a worldwide issue where customer’s needs and wants are being standardized. It can cause positive and negative effect on any organization depending on how they cope and make use of the globalization itself as an advantage to them. For instance, the globalization on fuel price, landing fees and aircraft spare part prices are now standardized accordingly. But  luckily Malaysia Airlines have their own resources for these three needs where they have their own aircraft maintenance subsidiary company and support from Malaysia government.In marketing their product, Malaysia Airlines can use its global brand name to maximize marketing efficiency. For this reason, Malaysia Airlines should use this opportunity to expand their wing in the international market. Nonetheless, Malaysia Airlines also need to be aware and choose the right strategy if they want to penetrate the market. 4.0 STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION Well plan strategies are not going to work well with an organization if it’s implemented inadequately. In getting success in implementing the strategies, Malaysia Airlines need to increase their efficiency in communication, managing their resources and improve their employee’s morale. Leadership also playsits role in making Malaysia Airlines to gain success in implementing the strategies. Therefore, all the staff in Malaysia Airlines should work together in realizing the strategies to become reality. 4.1 Strategic Leadership The leader is the only one that can determine the future of any company. Without them, the chances of any company to collapse and bankrupt will be high. That is because the needs of a leader in a company affect the path of the company whether it can generate income and be victorious or it can only make profit losses and bankruptcy in the end. Not a lot of people can be a great leader but everyone can have the traits of a leader which are visionary, inspire and drive their followers to achieve success. It can be said that Malaysia Airlines leadership has weaknesses in scenario planning that causes market share and revenue losses. For this reason, leadership of Malaysia Airlines should apply the vision trait in order to cope with changes and for the sake of the company continuity. When leaders are able to master the vision trait, it will be easier for them to collaborate, motivate, trust, and interdependence amongst their staff. Plus, the coordination and path of Malaysia Airlines will be in the same direction of achieving common objectives that may lead Malaysia Airlines to a bigger  industry. Malaysia Airlines is now operating in a competitive environment. So, the vision of leadership can’t be sluggish. Leader task is not just dealing with external factors but also playing an important role on observing employee’s attitude. Therefore, a leader should know and oblige to inspire and motivate employees if they’re lacking with something that will affect the vision of the company. Giving the employees rewards are the best thing to do in making the company vision to become a reality. Leader needs to be proactive in handling situation. The needs of keeping the vision on the right track and the same time monitoring its progress is necessary so that Malaysia Airlines will be more prepare in enduring and responding towards the changes that happen. Moreover, democratic leader is important where the leaders itself can put themselves with the employees and communicate with the employees. Encouragement and understanding can be developing with the employees if any conflict happen and then settle together as a team. By doing this, the work rate and performance of Malaysia Airlines will improve and in the end will increase the profit and maximizes the resources that they have. 4.2 Change Management Competitiveness in airlines industry has become fiercer than before. Due to that, Malaysia Airlines should be ready to embrace and adapt to changes in order to compete in the market. In achieving this, Malaysia Airlines should improve their state division management. This is because every state division especially in Sarawak is having trouble with the competitiveness from low cost airlines such as Air Asia and the new low cost airline, Malindo Air. Therefore, Malaysia Airlines should take a strategic change to their state division in coping with the external environment. Poor leadership has been one of many factors that cost their profit losses and customer loyalty. By implying a proper marketing strategy, Malaysia Airlines will be able to challenge the local airline industry. Adding to that, improvement in every managing structure in each state division is a  must since the capabilities and set of skills of each employee can be outdated under some circumstances. Thus, changes and improvements are needed in order to comply with customer’s needs and achieving goals. 4.3 Role of Systems Excellent plan strategies won’t work unless leaders and human resources play their role in implementing the strategies. 4.3.1 Organizational Structure Organizational structure is a fundamental that can affect the strategy implementation. Effective use of labor by giving specific task can contribute an advantage in competing in the industry. In general, the four organizational structures are functional, divisional, entrepreneurial and matrix. Malaysia Airlines are now using divisional structure to conduct their corporate parenting by dividing resources in each division. It is essential for them in order to gain profit. Using this structure, Malaysia Airlines are decentralizing the power of making decision to each division and that give a clearer goal to the employees to achieve. Nevertheless, the plentiful number of divisions will cost a lot and sharing of knowledge will be lesser. To respond to that, Malaysia Airlines should manage all the division under one command center by using network structure and all the information gathered need to be transmitted to headquarter. 4.3.2 Organizational Process Malaysia Airlines organizational processes are of consist of entrepreneurial and competence-building. In entrepreneurial process, employees will bemotivated by delegating some tasks to them that of course will increase their discipline and efficiency compared to strict control. In building competency, employee differences of capabilities will be given a specific task to them in order to gain trust amongst the Malaysia Airlines and the employees itself. By implementing this, a more proactive and efficient workforce can be produced in the process of achieving the goals. 4.3.3 Strategic Control Systems In improving the employee’s performance and at the same time retaining their performance, control and reward systems are a must. Well rewarded employees undoubtedly will perform very well. By implementing this, Malaysia Airlines can manage to deliver consistent services to their customers. Plus, motivated work force surely will lead Malaysia Airlines to gain profit. As a result of that, employees that perform with excellence and if the satisfaction towards their job are high, the probability of staying longer with Malaysia Airlines are also high. Thus, this will surely eliminate the cost of looking for new employees. Malaysia Airlines as corporate parent also need to use control and reward system in order to increase the motivation of the employees to achieve goals that being set. By means of giving them reward based on their performance, the employee’s tendency of performing at their best most likely will be high. By doing this, a more standardize employee performance can be achieved. In addition, controlling the employees is not necessarily being strict with them but being understanding is the greatest option to choose where employees automatically will increase their work rate that will lead Malaysia Airlines to compete vigorously in the industry. 4.3.4 Corporate Governance Corporate governance is where business is managed for the shareholder according to the right and wishes of the stakeholder. It is also where an organization is responsible for the stakeholder’s interest in the organization itself. Corporate governance ensures that the stakeholderreceives something in the forms of money or others.Malaysia Airlines should take the approach in implementing what they want to do to the stakeholder so that the stakeholder will feel secure. Openness with stakeholder is a must where company’s finance and planmust be share to win their trust. Any decisionsare made by Malaysia Airlines can affect stakeholder trust. Hence, leadership and management of the organization are responsible in balancing the needs of stakeholders. Finally, a more synchronize and efficient corporate governance is necessary in planning strategies which can fit the organizational structure that in the end  getting control of the market. Conclusion Strategic management is very important for every organisation. Small organisation to giant organisation requires strategic management to expand and improve their managing ability. Adding to that, it can also help them to compete in the industry where all the strategies can be used to cope with the industry competitiveness itself. Strategic analysis, scenario planning, PEST and SWOT analysis, Porter five forces, strategic formulation, strategic implementation; and other strategies are important to imply within the organization. Not just for the sake of getting profit, but also for long term future. All of the strategies mentioned above can help Malaysia Airlines to increase their profits and cover their losses. Not just that, the strategies also can help dealing with the external factors such as competitors, policies, and most importantly the internal environment itself. Efficiency, cost saving and opportunity exploitation can be achieved if the strategies are carried out with proper planning. 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